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188 lines
9.4 KiB
Markdown
188 lines
9.4 KiB
Markdown
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---
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title: "Home Automation with LED Lighting"
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date: 2022-09-23T10:58:11+02:00
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draft: false
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toc: false
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images:
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tags:
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- electronics
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- lighting
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- DIY
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---
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As a small side project I am installing LED lighting in on of the rooms at my
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place. There are quite a few interesting details that is worth taking note on.
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## Hardware Preparation
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Before buying the bulk of my hardware I ordered a smaller quantity to
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assess build quality and see how it all fits together. All components discussed
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below are ordered from aliexpress while the AC-DC power-supply will be purchased
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locally for safety and certification reasons.
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### 12 V and 24 V LED Strips
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LED strips are advertised at different voltages but generally all operate the
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same way by stringing sets of LEDs in series and then having multiple sections
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in parallel. The voltage specification will limit the number of LED you can
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put in series due to the voltage requirement on each device which means that
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12 V strips will use smaller groupings and yield 10 to 20 cm cuts. Strictly
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speaking device or power density will be independent of the operating voltage.
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The efficiency for either voltage is comparable but the 24V configuration will
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do slightly better by sharing the current limiting resistor over more LEDs.
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``` goat
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12V / 24V SUPPLY
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-------*------*------*------*------*---->
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+-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+
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LED \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / 3V Drop
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--+-- --+-- --+-- --+-- --+--
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+-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+
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LED \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / 3V Drop
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--+-- --+-- --+-- --+-- --+--
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+-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+ +-+-+
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LED \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / 3V Drop
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--+-- --+-- --+-- --+-- --+--
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+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+
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\ \ \ \ \
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LIMITING +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ 0V to 3V
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RESISTOR \ \ \ \ \ Drop
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+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+
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\ \ \ \ \
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+ + + + +
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<-------*------*------*------*------*-----
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Lighting Control Signal
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```
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### Individually Addressable LED Strips
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Some of the advertised LED strips come with integrated controllers where
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brightness levels can be adjusted for each section. The advantage is that
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this allows you to animate the lighting or create intricate patterns along
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the LED strip. Note that the failure of a single controller
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will cause the entire strip to fail rather than just one section of LED lights.
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Another detail is different integrated don't all provide equivalent lighting.
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A RGB LED for example emits with a luminosity of 600, 1250, and 300 mcd
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while a dedicated white-channel LED emits around 4000 mcd or around 12 lumens.
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Specification wise SK6812 RGBW does seem like a good choice here especially
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since the estimated power requirement is 9 Watt per meter.
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The main caveat however is that controllers can require a quite a bit more
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effort to operate with the added functionality. Given the Chinese quality
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standards a home-brew ESP32-H2 solution would be preferred. Besides that
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the efficiency/performance seems very similar to that of non-individually
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addressable solutions looking mostly at Watt per meter figures.
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### Prototyping hardware
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The LED controller from GLEDOPTO cost me $19.99 USD and provides
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6 channel (RGB+CW) lighting with maximum capacity of 270 W. The 6 channel
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LED strip similarly cost me $22.00 USD for 5 meter of lighting.
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This strip uses 21 Watt per meter which means the controller could drive 11
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meter of lighting. Here are some more details for the LED strip:
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|LED Strip |Specification |
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|--------------|------------------------|
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|Model Number | MF350Z090A80 |
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|LED Type | 5050 RGB |
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|CCT Colour | 622 nm, 522 nm, 465 nm |
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|Beam Angle | 120 ° |
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|Voltage | DC 24 V |
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|Current | 0.83 A/m |
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|Power | 20.2 W/m |
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|LED Density | 30 Units/m or 12/cut |
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|Brightness | 1457 Lumen/m |
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|PCB Width | 12 mm |
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|Cost | $4.4 USD/m |
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Note that the density here is with respect the density for a single LED channel.
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Originally it is quoted at 90 Units/m since there are 3 devices for the 6 channels.
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Similarly the brightness is optimistically the sum of each channel together.
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The controller is specified below:
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|Zigbee controller |Specification |
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|------------------|----------------------|
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|Model Number | GL-C-008 |
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|Input Power | 270 W Max |
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|Input Voltage | DC 12-24 V |
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|Output Current | 15 A or 6 A/channel |
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|Dimensions LWH | 8.0 x 4.8 x 2.4 cm |
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|Recommended Load | 10 m |
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|Cost | $1.99 USD / m |
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The key detail here is that we should match certain lengths with designated
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controllers. For example the room I intend to illuminate has a 11 meter
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perimeter and I would prefer to use just one controller which implies
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I should keep in mind that I can probably only illuminate part of the ceiling.
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For preliminary testing I also ordered 10 meter of diffuser that is compatible
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with the 6 channel LEDs.
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|LED Diffuser |Specification |
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|-----------------|----------------------|
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|Model Number | T0515 |
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|Type | Minimal enclosure |
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|Dimensions WH | 1.5 x 0.5 cm |
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|PCB Width | 12 mm |
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|Cost | $2.66 USD / m |
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While we have not included the price here for a 24V 10A AC-DC converter required
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to power this setup, it is interesting to note the majority of the cost comes
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from the LED strip is self. As explained below I probably wouldn't purchase
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this particular diffuser again since at least for my application other
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lighting configurations seem more useful. I also ordered a bunch of LED utility
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items that is compatible with the 6 channel strip including some T-junctions
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and L-junctions. These are mainly just for wiring and don't contribute to
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lighting but could make the general configuration look a bit more integrated.
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### LED Placement
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One issue with LED lighting is that generally we would prefer a contiguous
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strip of lighting even around corners but depending on the orientation and
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diffusion this may not be possible. It is generally better
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to orient the strip facing the corner which means that side-illuminating
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diffusions are generally more aesthetically useful. For example when we
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want to illuminate the perimeter of the ceiling it is not possible the to
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make right-angle turns with contiguous lighting when the LEDs are facing the
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floor.
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Instead having the strip face this inside of the room with a
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downward/sideways diffusing shroud avoids this issue where we need to break up
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or fold the lighting which cannot be done readily.
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``` goat
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3.6 meters
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.-----------------.
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| 11m OFFICE | 1.9
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| 220W / 110W | meters
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| 330 units |
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+-----------------+---------------+-----------------------.
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| 15m HALL WAY | |
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| 1.5 300W / 150W | 19m LIVING ROOM |
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| meters 450 units | 380W / 190W |
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| 5.8 meters | 570 units | 3.8
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+-----------------+---------------+ | meters
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| 10m BED ROOM | | |
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| 200W / 100W | 2.0 | |
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| 300 units | meters | |
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'-----------------+ '-----------------------'
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3.1 meters 5.4 meters
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Total Perimeter 55 meters. Power Estimates for 20/10 Watt per meter.
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```
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The diagram above roughly illustrates some of the rooms I was considering to
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light using this LED setup. It is worthwhile to estimate the maximum power
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requirement for the mains transformer that is supplying the 24 V DC supply.
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I found that I can readily get a good quality 150 Watt AC-DC transformer
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for about $50 USD which means for most rooms a lower power configuration would
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be preferred.
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