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lib/python3.11/site-packages/flask/json/__init__.py Normal file
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from __future__ import annotations
import json as _json
import typing as t
from ..globals import current_app
from .provider import _default
if t.TYPE_CHECKING: # pragma: no cover
from ..wrappers import Response
def dumps(obj: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> str:
"""Serialize data as JSON.
If :data:`~flask.current_app` is available, it will use its
:meth:`app.json.dumps() <flask.json.provider.JSONProvider.dumps>`
method, otherwise it will use :func:`json.dumps`.
:param obj: The data to serialize.
:param kwargs: Arguments passed to the ``dumps`` implementation.
.. versionchanged:: 2.3
The ``app`` parameter was removed.
.. versionchanged:: 2.2
Calls ``current_app.json.dumps``, allowing an app to override
the behavior.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0.2
:class:`decimal.Decimal` is supported by converting to a string.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0
``encoding`` will be removed in Flask 2.1.
.. versionchanged:: 1.0.3
``app`` can be passed directly, rather than requiring an app
context for configuration.
"""
if current_app:
return current_app.json.dumps(obj, **kwargs)
kwargs.setdefault("default", _default)
return _json.dumps(obj, **kwargs)
def dump(obj: t.Any, fp: t.IO[str], **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
"""Serialize data as JSON and write to a file.
If :data:`~flask.current_app` is available, it will use its
:meth:`app.json.dump() <flask.json.provider.JSONProvider.dump>`
method, otherwise it will use :func:`json.dump`.
:param obj: The data to serialize.
:param fp: A file opened for writing text. Should use the UTF-8
encoding to be valid JSON.
:param kwargs: Arguments passed to the ``dump`` implementation.
.. versionchanged:: 2.3
The ``app`` parameter was removed.
.. versionchanged:: 2.2
Calls ``current_app.json.dump``, allowing an app to override
the behavior.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0
Writing to a binary file, and the ``encoding`` argument, will be
removed in Flask 2.1.
"""
if current_app:
current_app.json.dump(obj, fp, **kwargs)
else:
kwargs.setdefault("default", _default)
_json.dump(obj, fp, **kwargs)
def loads(s: str | bytes, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
"""Deserialize data as JSON.
If :data:`~flask.current_app` is available, it will use its
:meth:`app.json.loads() <flask.json.provider.JSONProvider.loads>`
method, otherwise it will use :func:`json.loads`.
:param s: Text or UTF-8 bytes.
:param kwargs: Arguments passed to the ``loads`` implementation.
.. versionchanged:: 2.3
The ``app`` parameter was removed.
.. versionchanged:: 2.2
Calls ``current_app.json.loads``, allowing an app to override
the behavior.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0
``encoding`` will be removed in Flask 2.1. The data must be a
string or UTF-8 bytes.
.. versionchanged:: 1.0.3
``app`` can be passed directly, rather than requiring an app
context for configuration.
"""
if current_app:
return current_app.json.loads(s, **kwargs)
return _json.loads(s, **kwargs)
def load(fp: t.IO[t.AnyStr], **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
"""Deserialize data as JSON read from a file.
If :data:`~flask.current_app` is available, it will use its
:meth:`app.json.load() <flask.json.provider.JSONProvider.load>`
method, otherwise it will use :func:`json.load`.
:param fp: A file opened for reading text or UTF-8 bytes.
:param kwargs: Arguments passed to the ``load`` implementation.
.. versionchanged:: 2.3
The ``app`` parameter was removed.
.. versionchanged:: 2.2
Calls ``current_app.json.load``, allowing an app to override
the behavior.
.. versionchanged:: 2.2
The ``app`` parameter will be removed in Flask 2.3.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0
``encoding`` will be removed in Flask 2.1. The file must be text
mode, or binary mode with UTF-8 bytes.
"""
if current_app:
return current_app.json.load(fp, **kwargs)
return _json.load(fp, **kwargs)
def jsonify(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> Response:
"""Serialize the given arguments as JSON, and return a
:class:`~flask.Response` object with the ``application/json``
mimetype. A dict or list returned from a view will be converted to a
JSON response automatically without needing to call this.
This requires an active request or application context, and calls
:meth:`app.json.response() <flask.json.provider.JSONProvider.response>`.
In debug mode, the output is formatted with indentation to make it
easier to read. This may also be controlled by the provider.
Either positional or keyword arguments can be given, not both.
If no arguments are given, ``None`` is serialized.
:param args: A single value to serialize, or multiple values to
treat as a list to serialize.
:param kwargs: Treat as a dict to serialize.
.. versionchanged:: 2.2
Calls ``current_app.json.response``, allowing an app to override
the behavior.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0.2
:class:`decimal.Decimal` is supported by converting to a string.
.. versionchanged:: 0.11
Added support for serializing top-level arrays. This was a
security risk in ancient browsers. See :ref:`security-json`.
.. versionadded:: 0.2
"""
return current_app.json.response(*args, **kwargs) # type: ignore[return-value]

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lib/python3.11/site-packages/flask/json/provider.py Normal file
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from __future__ import annotations
import dataclasses
import decimal
import json
import typing as t
import uuid
import weakref
from datetime import date
from werkzeug.http import http_date
if t.TYPE_CHECKING: # pragma: no cover
from werkzeug.sansio.response import Response
from ..sansio.app import App
class JSONProvider:
"""A standard set of JSON operations for an application. Subclasses
of this can be used to customize JSON behavior or use different
JSON libraries.
To implement a provider for a specific library, subclass this base
class and implement at least :meth:`dumps` and :meth:`loads`. All
other methods have default implementations.
To use a different provider, either subclass ``Flask`` and set
:attr:`~flask.Flask.json_provider_class` to a provider class, or set
:attr:`app.json <flask.Flask.json>` to an instance of the class.
:param app: An application instance. This will be stored as a
:class:`weakref.proxy` on the :attr:`_app` attribute.
.. versionadded:: 2.2
"""
def __init__(self, app: App) -> None:
self._app: App = weakref.proxy(app)
def dumps(self, obj: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> str:
"""Serialize data as JSON.
:param obj: The data to serialize.
:param kwargs: May be passed to the underlying JSON library.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
def dump(self, obj: t.Any, fp: t.IO[str], **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
"""Serialize data as JSON and write to a file.
:param obj: The data to serialize.
:param fp: A file opened for writing text. Should use the UTF-8
encoding to be valid JSON.
:param kwargs: May be passed to the underlying JSON library.
"""
fp.write(self.dumps(obj, **kwargs))
def loads(self, s: str | bytes, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
"""Deserialize data as JSON.
:param s: Text or UTF-8 bytes.
:param kwargs: May be passed to the underlying JSON library.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
def load(self, fp: t.IO[t.AnyStr], **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
"""Deserialize data as JSON read from a file.
:param fp: A file opened for reading text or UTF-8 bytes.
:param kwargs: May be passed to the underlying JSON library.
"""
return self.loads(fp.read(), **kwargs)
def _prepare_response_obj(
self, args: tuple[t.Any, ...], kwargs: dict[str, t.Any]
) -> t.Any:
if args and kwargs:
raise TypeError("app.json.response() takes either args or kwargs, not both")
if not args and not kwargs:
return None
if len(args) == 1:
return args[0]
return args or kwargs
def response(self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> Response:
"""Serialize the given arguments as JSON, and return a
:class:`~flask.Response` object with the ``application/json``
mimetype.
The :func:`~flask.json.jsonify` function calls this method for
the current application.
Either positional or keyword arguments can be given, not both.
If no arguments are given, ``None`` is serialized.
:param args: A single value to serialize, or multiple values to
treat as a list to serialize.
:param kwargs: Treat as a dict to serialize.
"""
obj = self._prepare_response_obj(args, kwargs)
return self._app.response_class(self.dumps(obj), mimetype="application/json")
def _default(o: t.Any) -> t.Any:
if isinstance(o, date):
return http_date(o)
if isinstance(o, (decimal.Decimal, uuid.UUID)):
return str(o)
if dataclasses and dataclasses.is_dataclass(o):
return dataclasses.asdict(o) # type: ignore[arg-type]
if hasattr(o, "__html__"):
return str(o.__html__())
raise TypeError(f"Object of type {type(o).__name__} is not JSON serializable")
class DefaultJSONProvider(JSONProvider):
"""Provide JSON operations using Python's built-in :mod:`json`
library. Serializes the following additional data types:
- :class:`datetime.datetime` and :class:`datetime.date` are
serialized to :rfc:`822` strings. This is the same as the HTTP
date format.
- :class:`uuid.UUID` is serialized to a string.
- :class:`dataclasses.dataclass` is passed to
:func:`dataclasses.asdict`.
- :class:`~markupsafe.Markup` (or any object with a ``__html__``
method) will call the ``__html__`` method to get a string.
"""
default: t.Callable[[t.Any], t.Any] = staticmethod(_default) # type: ignore[assignment]
"""Apply this function to any object that :meth:`json.dumps` does
not know how to serialize. It should return a valid JSON type or
raise a ``TypeError``.
"""
ensure_ascii = True
"""Replace non-ASCII characters with escape sequences. This may be
more compatible with some clients, but can be disabled for better
performance and size.
"""
sort_keys = True
"""Sort the keys in any serialized dicts. This may be useful for
some caching situations, but can be disabled for better performance.
When enabled, keys must all be strings, they are not converted
before sorting.
"""
compact: bool | None = None
"""If ``True``, or ``None`` out of debug mode, the :meth:`response`
output will not add indentation, newlines, or spaces. If ``False``,
or ``None`` in debug mode, it will use a non-compact representation.
"""
mimetype = "application/json"
"""The mimetype set in :meth:`response`."""
def dumps(self, obj: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> str:
"""Serialize data as JSON to a string.
Keyword arguments are passed to :func:`json.dumps`. Sets some
parameter defaults from the :attr:`default`,
:attr:`ensure_ascii`, and :attr:`sort_keys` attributes.
:param obj: The data to serialize.
:param kwargs: Passed to :func:`json.dumps`.
"""
kwargs.setdefault("default", self.default)
kwargs.setdefault("ensure_ascii", self.ensure_ascii)
kwargs.setdefault("sort_keys", self.sort_keys)
return json.dumps(obj, **kwargs)
def loads(self, s: str | bytes, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
"""Deserialize data as JSON from a string or bytes.
:param s: Text or UTF-8 bytes.
:param kwargs: Passed to :func:`json.loads`.
"""
return json.loads(s, **kwargs)
def response(self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> Response:
"""Serialize the given arguments as JSON, and return a
:class:`~flask.Response` object with it. The response mimetype
will be "application/json" and can be changed with
:attr:`mimetype`.
If :attr:`compact` is ``False`` or debug mode is enabled, the
output will be formatted to be easier to read.
Either positional or keyword arguments can be given, not both.
If no arguments are given, ``None`` is serialized.
:param args: A single value to serialize, or multiple values to
treat as a list to serialize.
:param kwargs: Treat as a dict to serialize.
"""
obj = self._prepare_response_obj(args, kwargs)
dump_args: dict[str, t.Any] = {}
if (self.compact is None and self._app.debug) or self.compact is False:
dump_args.setdefault("indent", 2)
else:
dump_args.setdefault("separators", (",", ":"))
return self._app.response_class(
f"{self.dumps(obj, **dump_args)}\n", mimetype=self.mimetype
)

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"""
Tagged JSON
~~~~~~~~~~~
A compact representation for lossless serialization of non-standard JSON
types. :class:`~flask.sessions.SecureCookieSessionInterface` uses this
to serialize the session data, but it may be useful in other places. It
can be extended to support other types.
.. autoclass:: TaggedJSONSerializer
:members:
.. autoclass:: JSONTag
:members:
Let's see an example that adds support for
:class:`~collections.OrderedDict`. Dicts don't have an order in JSON, so
to handle this we will dump the items as a list of ``[key, value]``
pairs. Subclass :class:`JSONTag` and give it the new key ``' od'`` to
identify the type. The session serializer processes dicts first, so
insert the new tag at the front of the order since ``OrderedDict`` must
be processed before ``dict``.
.. code-block:: python
from flask.json.tag import JSONTag
class TagOrderedDict(JSONTag):
__slots__ = ('serializer',)
key = ' od'
def check(self, value):
return isinstance(value, OrderedDict)
def to_json(self, value):
return [[k, self.serializer.tag(v)] for k, v in iteritems(value)]
def to_python(self, value):
return OrderedDict(value)
app.session_interface.serializer.register(TagOrderedDict, index=0)
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import typing as t
from base64 import b64decode
from base64 import b64encode
from datetime import datetime
from uuid import UUID
from markupsafe import Markup
from werkzeug.http import http_date
from werkzeug.http import parse_date
from ..json import dumps
from ..json import loads
class JSONTag:
"""Base class for defining type tags for :class:`TaggedJSONSerializer`."""
__slots__ = ("serializer",)
#: The tag to mark the serialized object with. If empty, this tag is
#: only used as an intermediate step during tagging.
key: str = ""
def __init__(self, serializer: TaggedJSONSerializer) -> None:
"""Create a tagger for the given serializer."""
self.serializer = serializer
def check(self, value: t.Any) -> bool:
"""Check if the given value should be tagged by this tag."""
raise NotImplementedError
def to_json(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
"""Convert the Python object to an object that is a valid JSON type.
The tag will be added later."""
raise NotImplementedError
def to_python(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
"""Convert the JSON representation back to the correct type. The tag
will already be removed."""
raise NotImplementedError
def tag(self, value: t.Any) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
"""Convert the value to a valid JSON type and add the tag structure
around it."""
return {self.key: self.to_json(value)}
class TagDict(JSONTag):
"""Tag for 1-item dicts whose only key matches a registered tag.
Internally, the dict key is suffixed with `__`, and the suffix is removed
when deserializing.
"""
__slots__ = ()
key = " di"
def check(self, value: t.Any) -> bool:
return (
isinstance(value, dict)
and len(value) == 1
and next(iter(value)) in self.serializer.tags
)
def to_json(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
key = next(iter(value))
return {f"{key}__": self.serializer.tag(value[key])}
def to_python(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
key = next(iter(value))
return {key[:-2]: value[key]}
class PassDict(JSONTag):
__slots__ = ()
def check(self, value: t.Any) -> bool:
return isinstance(value, dict)
def to_json(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
# JSON objects may only have string keys, so don't bother tagging the
# key here.
return {k: self.serializer.tag(v) for k, v in value.items()}
tag = to_json
class TagTuple(JSONTag):
__slots__ = ()
key = " t"
def check(self, value: t.Any) -> bool:
return isinstance(value, tuple)
def to_json(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
return [self.serializer.tag(item) for item in value]
def to_python(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
return tuple(value)
class PassList(JSONTag):
__slots__ = ()
def check(self, value: t.Any) -> bool:
return isinstance(value, list)
def to_json(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
return [self.serializer.tag(item) for item in value]
tag = to_json
class TagBytes(JSONTag):
__slots__ = ()
key = " b"
def check(self, value: t.Any) -> bool:
return isinstance(value, bytes)
def to_json(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
return b64encode(value).decode("ascii")
def to_python(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
return b64decode(value)
class TagMarkup(JSONTag):
"""Serialize anything matching the :class:`~markupsafe.Markup` API by
having a ``__html__`` method to the result of that method. Always
deserializes to an instance of :class:`~markupsafe.Markup`."""
__slots__ = ()
key = " m"
def check(self, value: t.Any) -> bool:
return callable(getattr(value, "__html__", None))
def to_json(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
return str(value.__html__())
def to_python(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
return Markup(value)
class TagUUID(JSONTag):
__slots__ = ()
key = " u"
def check(self, value: t.Any) -> bool:
return isinstance(value, UUID)
def to_json(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
return value.hex
def to_python(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
return UUID(value)
class TagDateTime(JSONTag):
__slots__ = ()
key = " d"
def check(self, value: t.Any) -> bool:
return isinstance(value, datetime)
def to_json(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
return http_date(value)
def to_python(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
return parse_date(value)
class TaggedJSONSerializer:
"""Serializer that uses a tag system to compactly represent objects that
are not JSON types. Passed as the intermediate serializer to
:class:`itsdangerous.Serializer`.
The following extra types are supported:
* :class:`dict`
* :class:`tuple`
* :class:`bytes`
* :class:`~markupsafe.Markup`
* :class:`~uuid.UUID`
* :class:`~datetime.datetime`
"""
__slots__ = ("tags", "order")
#: Tag classes to bind when creating the serializer. Other tags can be
#: added later using :meth:`~register`.
default_tags = [
TagDict,
PassDict,
TagTuple,
PassList,
TagBytes,
TagMarkup,
TagUUID,
TagDateTime,
]
def __init__(self) -> None:
self.tags: dict[str, JSONTag] = {}
self.order: list[JSONTag] = []
for cls in self.default_tags:
self.register(cls)
def register(
self,
tag_class: type[JSONTag],
force: bool = False,
index: int | None = None,
) -> None:
"""Register a new tag with this serializer.
:param tag_class: tag class to register. Will be instantiated with this
serializer instance.
:param force: overwrite an existing tag. If false (default), a
:exc:`KeyError` is raised.
:param index: index to insert the new tag in the tag order. Useful when
the new tag is a special case of an existing tag. If ``None``
(default), the tag is appended to the end of the order.
:raise KeyError: if the tag key is already registered and ``force`` is
not true.
"""
tag = tag_class(self)
key = tag.key
if key:
if not force and key in self.tags:
raise KeyError(f"Tag '{key}' is already registered.")
self.tags[key] = tag
if index is None:
self.order.append(tag)
else:
self.order.insert(index, tag)
def tag(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
"""Convert a value to a tagged representation if necessary."""
for tag in self.order:
if tag.check(value):
return tag.tag(value)
return value
def untag(self, value: dict[str, t.Any]) -> t.Any:
"""Convert a tagged representation back to the original type."""
if len(value) != 1:
return value
key = next(iter(value))
if key not in self.tags:
return value
return self.tags[key].to_python(value[key])
def _untag_scan(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
if isinstance(value, dict):
# untag each item recursively
value = {k: self._untag_scan(v) for k, v in value.items()}
# untag the dict itself
value = self.untag(value)
elif isinstance(value, list):
# untag each item recursively
value = [self._untag_scan(item) for item in value]
return value
def dumps(self, value: t.Any) -> str:
"""Tag the value and dump it to a compact JSON string."""
return dumps(self.tag(value), separators=(",", ":"))
def loads(self, value: str) -> t.Any:
"""Load data from a JSON string and deserialized any tagged objects."""
return self._untag_scan(loads(value))